Studies have revealed that COVID-19 adversely affects different body functions. The endocrine system is particularly affected as it is highly sensitive due to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor being expressed in several endocrine glands.

A meta-analysis of observational studies showed that diabetic patients were at a higher risk of developing illness severity and mortality due to the Covid-19 infection and tended to develop extreme hyperglycemia associated with an excessive release of counter-regulatory hormones.

Many COVID-19 patients were found to have COVID-related subacute thyroiditis. According to a retrospective analysis of 58 patients with thyrotoxicosis, Interleukin-6 levels were higher during the acute phase of infection. Following the acute phase of infection, thyroid dysfunction returned to normal. Cases of relapse of Graves disease or its onset 6-8 weeks after infection have also been reported, while hypothyroidism due to the Covid-infection was rare.

COVID-19 might also harm Leydig cells in the testicles since they have ACE2 receptors. According to one study, up to 10% of infected males might feel testicular pain during the acute episode, and 20% developed orchitis for up to a month following infection. Erectile dysfunction appeared to be more common in persons with a previous infection. COVID-19s effect on the endocrine glands appears as a variety of indications and symptoms and should be taken care of. (Medscape Diabetes & Endocrinology, March 31, 2022)